家蚕对常用有机磷农药的毒性反应研究

本文介绍了不同条件下家蚕对常用有机磷农药的毒性反应。结果表明，家蚕对９种农药都有很强的毒性反应，表现典型的有机磷中毒症状。农药对家蚕的触杀毒力和残毒期因农药品种不同而有极显著差异。家蚕对农药的抗性因季节，农药浓度和龄期大小不同而异。     

DCPV－白僵菌－杀灭菊酯复合杀虫剂林间防治试验

本文通过对马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒（ＤＣＰＶ）、白僵菌、２０％杀灭菊酯三种药剂混合使用的林间正交试验，从中筛选出最佳配比的复合杀虫剂，供生产上推广应用．林间试验结果表明，最佳组合为ＡａＢａＣａ，即ＤＣＰＶ（ＣＰＢ２×１０７个／ｍＬ），白僵菌（１０亿个／ｇ）和２０％杀灭菊酯（１：２万倍液），防治效果达９５．３％，比单一应用ＤＣＰＶ（Ａａ）、白僵菌（Ｂａ）、２０％杀灭菊醌（Ｃａ）分别增效１３．５％，２３．０％和３３．９％．     

Recent developments in ectoparasiticides

The sales and use of ectoparasiticides for the control of arthropod parasites of domestic animals constitute a major sector of the global animal health market. Animals are infected by a number of parasitic insect and acarine species causing major economic losses in production livestock, intense irritation and skin disease in companion animals, or public health issues, including bites of humans or zoonotic disease transmission. Dog and cat fleas, for example, can be a serious source of both animal and human irritation, which has led to a rapid expansion in the development of flea control products. The control of ectoparasite infections of veterinary importance still relies heavily on the use of chemicals that target the arthropod nervous system. Such compounds have suffered from a number of drawbacks, including the development of resistance and concerns over human and environmental safety. The search for safer technologies has, however, been hindered by the limited number of active target sites present in arthropods and, to some degree, by the ever-increasing costs of research and development of compounds with novel modes of action.This review provides a background to the currently available groups of ectoparasiticide compounds used in veterinary medicine and highlights some of the more recent developments including the introduction of insect growth regulators and new and improved methods of product application.     

六种杀虫剂对茶尺蠖的田间防治效果比较

本文通过田间药效试验对2.5%楝素.烟碱乳油等6种药剂防治茶树茶尺蠖效果进行评价:其中2.5%楝素.烟碱乳油20gai/ha(20gai/ha即表示有效成分为20克/公顷)、10%烟碱乳油40gai/ha、16000IU/mgBT可湿性粉剂96亿IU/ha、1%联苯菊酯水剂18gai/ha、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油20gai/ha对茶尺蠖具有较好的防治效果,施药后第7天防效均在84%以上。其中2.5%楝素.烟碱乳油、16000IU/mgBT可湿性粉剂、10%烟碱乳油又为生物源农药,应大力推广使用。     

植物源农药的研究

植物源农药就其低毒、低残留、与环境和谐、对非靶标生物相对安全等优点,符合现代环保和人们健康的要求而越来越引起人们的高度重视。本文综述植物源农药的资源、植物源农药杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂等的研究进展。     

Controlled-release insecticide granules, compared with other soil insecticides, for use against the termite, Macrotermes natalensis Haviland, in the establishment of Eucalyptus plantations

Following the banning of DDT and dieldrin, and pending the withdrawal of other organochlorine insecticides in many countries, there is a need to find alternative treatments against termites for the establishment of Eucalyptus forestry plantations. Controlled-release granules (CRG) of carbosulfan, carbofuran and phorate were nearly as effective as chlordane emulsifiable concentrate (0·6 g a.i./tree) in reducing attack on Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden by Macrotermes natalensis Haviland. The optimum application rate of CRG formulations was 1·0 g a.i./tree mixed with the surrounding soil at planting out. Changes in granule size and release rate had no discernable effect on the efficacy of the granules, nor was there any advantage in incorporating part of the dose in the seedling planting medium. Chlorpyrifos CRG was significantly less effective in protecting the trees. There was evidence that under dry soil conditions phorate CRG was ineffective. Of 11 other non-controlled-release insecticides tested, alphamethrin suspension concentrate at 0·1 g a.i./tree was the only non-organochlorine material as effective as the CRG formulations.     

Insecticide resistance in disease vectors of public health importance

Vector-borne diseases are a global problem--a trend that may only increase if global temperature rises and demographic trends continue--and their economic and social impact are enormous. Insecticides play a vital role in the fight against these diseases by controlling the vectors themselves in order to improve public health; however, resistance to commonly used insecticides is on the rise. This perspective outlines the major classes of disease vector control agents and the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved, arguing that effective resistance management strategies must carefully monitor resistance in field populations and use combinations of the limited modes of action available to best effect. Moreover, the development of novel insecticide classes for control of adult mosquitoes and other vectors becomes increasingly important.     

Comparison of foliar and soil formulations of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), in wine grapes

BACKGROUND: The potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern United States, was investigated. Soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field‐grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves. RESULTS: Foliar application of imidacloprid caused immediate and long‐lasting reductions in E. fabae survival on both leaf ages, whereas the activity of soil‐applied imidacloprid was delayed. Clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam all provided long‐lasting reduction in leafhopper survival on young and mature foliage when applied through either delivery route. However, the percentage of moribund nymphs was significantly greater on foliar‐treated vines and increased over time in mature and immature leaves compared with soil‐treated vines. Residue analysis of foliar‐applied imidacloprid showed an 89% decline in mature leaves from day 1 to day 27, and a 98% decline in immature leaves over the same time period. Comparison of soil‐applied clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in field‐grown vines showed significant reduction in E. fabae only on mature leaves of vines treated with thiamethoxam. CONCLUSIONS: Neonicotinoids can control E. fabae in small vines, even in rapidly expanding foliage where this pest causes greatest injury. Soil application provides superior long‐term vine protection because declining residues on foliar‐treated vines lead to suboptimal activity within 2–3 weeks. Vineyard managers of susceptible cultivars may take advantage of this approach to E. fabae management by using foliar applications of the three neonicotinoids tested here, or by using soil‐applied thiamethoxam. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

亚致死浓度农药对草间钻头蛛生长发育的影响

在室内用两种方法饲喂草间钻头蛛，研究了乐果、溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯3种农药对其发育历期和体重的影响。结果表明：以乐果和氰戊菊酯环境染毒法饲喂草间钻头蛛，其雌蛛体重较对照显著下降。以溴氰菊酯毒饵法饲喂草间钻头蛛，其雄蛛体重较对照显著下降。环境染毒法饲喂草间钻头蛛，3种农药对雄蛛体重影响不显著。与对照相比，3种农药饲喂的若蛛在三龄历期上无显著差异，但在四龄和五龄上存在显著差异。总效应是农药延长草间钻头蛛若蛛的发育历期，阻滞个体发育，导致体重下降。     

植物源杀虫剂研究进展

从植物源杀虫剂作用的特异性、作用机理、对非靶标生物的安全性以及害虫对植物源杀虫剂的抗性等方面介绍了植物源杀虫剂领域新的研究进展,并对该领域新的研究方向做了介绍,对植物源杀虫剂在未来的发展做了展望。